To debug fakeroot, one may try:

Start faked in xterm 1:   
  $ faked --foreground --debug
  51452231:280
     # First number here is the 'FAKEROOTKEY', second is the pid of
     # faked. Both to be used later.
     # Later, when programs go using faked, a _lot_ of debug output
     # will be shown here.

Send signals to faked in xterm 2:
  #Whenever you want to get info about the internal inode data
  #faked is keeping, do:
  kill -s USR1 280

And the  'real' program runs (at your choise) in another xterm [3], or gdb
  In an xterm, do:
    $ LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/libfakeroot/libfakeroot.so.0
    $ FAKEROOTKEY=51452231   # number output by faked, xterm 1
    $ export LD_PRELOAD FAKEROOTKEY
    $ my-prog          #start anything you like.

  Or, if you want to run the programme in a gdb session:
  To make specifying the paths easier, put libfakeroot.c, libfakeroot.so.0.0.1
  and the binary you want to run in the same directory (libfakeroot.so.0.0.1
  is put in ./.libs/libfakeroot.so.0.0.1 by libtool during compilation, copy
  it out there).
  Then, in gdb do:
    $ gdb ./ls #as an example, I run 'ls'.
    (gdb) set env LD_PRELOAD=/home/joost/maintain/vpathlib/libfakeroot-0.1/libfakeroot.so.0.0.1
    (gdb) set env FAKEROOTKEY=51452231 #number from xterm 1.
     # Or wherever you've got your libfakeroot.so.0.0.1
    (gdb) break libfakeroot.c:181
    Breakpoint 1 at 0x4000ecc8: file libfakeroot.c, line 181.
    (gdb) run -al
    Starting program: /home/joost/maintain/vpathlib/libfakeroot-0.1/ls -al
    Temporarily disabling shared library breakpoints:
    1
    
    Breakpoint 1, __lxstat (ver=134556187, file_name=0x0, statbuf=0x80529c8)
    	at libfakeroot.c:208
    208                  struct stat *statbuf){
    
    # OK, and there I've found a bug -- ver can only be '0' in the
    # current libc6 (glibc2). Unfortunately, it didn't reproduce.